The increasing rates of democracy and literacy, the rise of industrialization and the Westward expansion, immigrants flooding into the country- all provided a broad range of American experiences to write about. The etymology of "Realism" is from the Latin word "realis." It means "the faithful representation of reality." The opposite of idealism (how we would like things to be), Realism values objectivity, free of emotions or interpretation.Īmerican authors embraced Realism, particularly between 1860 - 1890, with a focus on the economic reality of middle-class life, the ordinary, the "here and now." Character was more important than action and plot, complex ethical choices were emphasized rather than morality. Wilkins Freeman, Henry James, Frederick Douglass, Ambrose Bierce, Thomas Nelson Page, and Anzia Yezierska. Wells and George Orwell, foretell of destructive futures in which dominating technologies and governments strip individual identities and suppress freedom of expression.Įxemplary Realist American authors include: Mark Twain, William Dean Howells, Mary E. English Science Fiction writers who would come later, including Dystopian authors, H.G. Works of Realism by Emile Zola, particularly Drink (L'Assommoir), an excruciatingly detailed account of alcoholism and poverty, resulted in his being the most widely-read author in France. Visit our guide to Russian Writers for more about their distinct expressions of Realism, including Turgenev's landmark collection, A Sportsman's Sketches. Early adopters of Realism include Russian authors, Alexsander Pushkin, who focused on human avarice, and later, Ivan Turgenev and Anton Chekhov, who employed cynicism and social commentary about the destructive forces of all-powerful institutions, usually with ironic twist endings (satire can be helpful when coping with suppression and fear). The genre of Realism is expressed around the world, in art, literature, and music, exposing the raw, naked, factual truths of life.
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